Irving Bacon
Acting
Biography
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Irving Bacon (September 6, 1893 – February 5, 1965) was an American character actor who appeared in almost 500 films.
Bacon played on the stage for a number of years before getting into films in 1920. He was sometimes cast in films directed by Lloyd Bacon (incorrectly named as his brother in some sources) such as The Amazing Dr. Clitterhouse (1938). He often played comical "average guys".
In the late 1930s and early 1940s, he played the weary postman Mr. Crumb in Columbia Pictures' Blondie film series. One of his bigger roles was as a similarly flustered postman in the thriller Cause for Alarm! in 1952.
During the 1950s, Bacon worked steadily in a number of television sitcoms, most notably I Love Lucy, where he appeared in two episodes, one which cast him as Ethel Mertz's father.
Notable Works
Prominent titles featuring Irving Bacon
Spellbound
1945
Filmography
Acting (382)
1987
James Stewart: A Wonderful Lifeas Self (archive footage)
6.5
1958
Fort Massacreas Charlie
6.2
1958
Ambush at Cimarron Passas Judge Stanfield
5.5
1956
Dakota Incidentas Tully Morgan
6.5
1956
Hidden Gunsas Doc Carter
5.7
1955
At Gunpointas Al Ferguson
6.7
1955
Run for Coveras Scotty
6.8
1954
A Star Is Bornas Graves
7.1
1954
Black Horse Canyonas Doc Spain
5.8
1954
Duffy of San Quentinas Doc Sorin
6.2
1954
Ma and Pa Kettle at Homeas John Maddocks
6.6
1954
The Glenn Miller Storyas Mr. Miller
7.0
1953
Devil's Canyonas Prison Guard
5.2
1953
Sweethearts on Paradeas Sheriff Doolittle
8.0
1953
Fort Tias Sgt. Monday Wash
7.0
1953
Kansas Pacificas Casey
5.0
1952
O. Henry's Full Houseas Ebeneezer Dorset (segment "The Ransom of Red Chief") (uncredited)
6.9
1952
Rose of Cimarronas Sheriff
5.6
1952
Room for One Moreas Mayor Michael J. Kane
6.6
1951
Desert of Lost Menas Sheriff Skeeter Davis
8.0
1951
Here Comes the Groomas Baines
5.4
1951
Cause for Alarm!as Mr. Carston, Postman
5.9
1950
Mr. Musicas Benson - Jewelry Clerk (uncredited)
6.5
1950
Katie Did Itas Train Conductor
7.2
1950
Emergency Weddingas Filbert - Mechanic
6.0
1950
Born to Be Badas Jewelry Salesman
6.0
1950
Never a Dull Momentas Tunk Johnson (uncredited)
6.1
1950
The Happy Yearsas Mr. Conover
7.5
1950
Riding Highas Hamburger Man
6.1
1950
Woman in Hidingas Link
6.3
1949
Sons of New Mexicoas Chris Dobbs
6.5
1949
Dear Wifeas Mike Man
6.3
1949
The House Across the Streetas Jury Foreman (uncredited)
4.8
1949
It's a Great Feelingas RR Information Clerk
5.9
1949
Down Memory Laneas (archive footage)
7.0
1949
Manhandledas Sgt. Fayle
5.2
1949
The Big Catas Matt Cooper the Mailman
4.0
1949
The Green Promiseas Julius Larkin
6.4
1949
El Pasoas Stage Passenger (uncredited)
6.0
1949
John Loves Maryas George Beachwood
5.0
1949
Dynamiteas Jake
4.7
1948
Words and Musicas Hollywood Realtor (uncredited)
5.8
1948
6.7
1948
Family Honeymoonas Mr. Webb
6.3
1948
Moonriseas Judd Jenkins
6.3
1948
Good Samas Tramp
6.3
1948
The Velvet Touchas Herbie
6.2
1948
State of the Unionas Buck Swenson
6.8
1948
Adventures in Silveradoas Jake Willis
7.0
1948
Albuquerqueas Dave Walton
6.8
1948
Rockyas Bert Hillman
8.0
1947
6.4
1947
The Bachelor and the Bobby-Soxeras Melvin
6.9
1947
Monsieur Verdouxas Pierre Couvais
7.7
1947
Dear Ruthas Delivery Man
6.7
1947
Saddle Palsas Thaddeus Bellweather
6.5
1947
My Brother Talks to Horsesas Mr. Piper
7.5
1946
Wake Up and Dreamas Toll Gate Attendant
7.4
1946
Night Train to Memphisas Rainbow
9.0
1946
One Way to Loveas Train Conductor
7.0
1945
Spellboundas Railway Gateman (uncredited)
7.4
1945
Star in the Nightas Mr. Dilson (uncredited)
7.5
1945
Week-End at the Waldorfas Sam Skelly
6.5
1945
Guest Wifeas Nosey Stationmaster
6.2
1945
Hitchhike to Happinessas Dennis Colby
7.0
1945
Out of This Worldas Irving Krunk (uncredited)
8.0
1945
Patrick the Greatas Mr. Merney
6.5
1945
Under Western Skiesas Sheriff James Whitcolm Wyatt
5.9
1944
Can't Help Singingas Bath House Barber (uncredited)
6.0
1944
The Thin Man Goes Homeas Tom
7.1
1944
Heavenly Daysas Tower, the Butler
8.0
1944
Casanova Brownas Hotel Manager
6.4
1944
The Story of Dr. Wassellas Missionary (uncredited)
6.4
1944
Since You Went Awayas Bartender at Cocktail Lounge (uncredited)
6.6
1944
Her Primitive Manas Track Man
7.5
1944
Knickerbocker Holidayas Peter Van Stoon
5.8
1944
A Guy Named Joeas Cpl. Henderson (uncredited)
6.7
1944
Week-End Passas Sheriff Todd
10.0
1944
Chip Off the Old Blockas Prof. Frost
7.0
1943
In Old Oklahomaas Ben
6.2
1943
Footlight Glamouras Mr. Crumb
8.0
1943
Top Manas School Principal
9.0
1943
Johnny Come Latelyas Chief of Police
7.0
1943
So's Your Uncleas Dempster
6.0
1943
This Is the Armyas Waiter (uncredited)
5.7
1943
Hers to Holdas Dr. Bacon
7.0
1943
Action in the North Atlanticas Bartender (uncredited)
7.1
1943
Mister Bigas Jimmy, Malt Shop Proprietor
3.8
1943
It's a Great Lifeas Mailman
7.7
1943
The Desperadoesas Dan Walters - Bartender
5.9
1943
King of the Cowboysas Deputy Cluckas
6.0
1943
A Stranger in Townas Orin Todds
6.3
1943
Dixie Duganas Mr. Kelly
6.5
1943
Two Weeks to Liveas Omar Tennyson Gimpel
4.5
6.7
1943
Shadow of a Doubtas Station Master
7.5
1942
Get Hep to Loveas Mr. Hardwicke
7.0
1942
Between Us Girlsas Soda Clerk
7.5
1942
Pardon My Sarongas Gas Station Proprietor (uncredited)
6.5
1942
Footlight Serenadeas Stagehand
6.5
1942
Holiday Innas Gus
7.1
1942
Lady in a Jamas Motel Proprietor (uncredited)
5.6
1942
Thru Different Eyesas Stu Johnson
8.0
1942
The Spoilersas Hotel Manager (uncredited)
6.2
1942
Blondie's Blessed Eventas Mr. Crumb
7.0
1942
The Bashful Bacheloras Sheriff / Fire Chief
6.3
1942
Star Spangled Rhythmas New England Farmer (uncredited)
6.2
1942
Young Americaas Bart Munson
9.0
1942
Freckles Comes Homeas Constable Caleb Weaver
5.8
1941
Remember the Dayas Cecil
7.3
1941
Cadet Girlas Train conductor
8.0
1941
They Died with Their Boots Onas Uniform Salesman (uncredited)
6.7
1941
The Great Man's Ladyas Parson
6.3
1941
Moon Over Her Shoulderas Conrad - Taxi Driver
7.0
1941
Henry Aldrich for Presidentas Mr. McCloskey
6.5
1941
Never Give a Sucker an Even Breakas The Soda Jerk
7.0
1941
Great Gunsas Postman
6.0
1941
It Started with Eveas Raven
7.2
1941
Our Wifeas Doorman (uncredited)
6.8
1941
Blondie in Societyas Mailman
6.4
1941
Accent on Loveas Smedley
7.5
1941
Caught in the Draftas Cogswell
5.9
1941
Million Dollar Babyas Income Tax Man (uncredited)
6.3
1941
Ride on Vaqueroas Jailer Smoky
5.2
1941
Meet John Doeas Beany
7.3
1941
A Girl, a Guy, and a Gobas Mr. Albert Merney
5.5
1941
The Lone Wolf Takes a Chanceas Projectionist
6.1
1941
Blondie Goes Latinas Mailman (uncredited)
6.6
1941
Western Unionas Barber
6.0
1941
Tobacco Roadas Bank Teller
6.8
1941
Back Streetas Ticket seller
7.3
1941
The Wild Man of Borneoas Carriage Driver (uncredited)
6.7
1941
Four Mothersas Cigar Store Proprietor (uncredited)
6.8
1940
Jennieas Real Estate Broker
10.0
1940
Michael Shayne: Private Detectiveas Fisherman
6.6
1940
She Couldn't Say Noas Abner
7.5
1940
Blondie Plays Cupidas Mailman
6.8
1940
Dreaming Out Loudas Wes Stillman
6.0
1940
The Howards of Virginiaas Tom Norton
6.6
1940
Young Peopleas Otis
5.3
1940
The Return of Frank Jamesas Bystander
6.4
1940
Gold Rush Maisieas Harry Gilpin
6.8
1940
Blondie Has Servant Troubleas Mailman
7.0
1940
Manhattan Heartbeatas Sweeney
8.0
1940
Sailor's Ladyas Storekeeper (uncredited)
6.5
1940
Love, Honor and Oh-Baby!as Cabbie
9.0
1940
Lillian Russellas Soldier
6.6
1940
You Can't Fool Your Wifeas Lippincott
5.5
1940
Edison, the Manas Sheriff
6.8
1940
The Doctor Takes a Wifeas Sam Appleby (uncredited)
6.8
1940
Star Dustas Hotel Desk Clerk
5.7
1940
The Grapes of Wrathas Driver
7.8
1940
Blondie on a Budgetas Mailman
6.2
1940
Dr. Ehrlich's Magic Bulletas Becker
6.5
1940
Broadway Melody of 1940as Orange Stand Counterman (uncredited)
6.8
1940
His Girl Fridayas Gus (uncredited)
7.4
1940
Brother Rat and a Babyas Hospital Official
6.1
1940
The Man Who Wouldn't Talkas Paul Gillis
5.3
1939
Gone with the Windas Corporal
7.9
1939
Too Busy to Workas Gilligan
10.0
1939
Blondie Brings Up Babyas Mailman
6.9
1939
Heaven with a Barbed Wire Fenceas Sheriff Clem Diggers
6.6
1939
The Housekeeper's Daughteras Woodbury
4.6
1939
Pack Up Your Troublesas Soldier
6.8
1939
At the Circusas Telegraph Clerk (uncredited)
6.4
1939
On Your Toesas Second Stage Manager
4.5
1939
Hollywood Cavalcadeas Clerk
6.2
1939
Rioas 'Mushy'
5.4
1939
Indianapolis Speedwayas Fred Haskill
5.6
1939
I Stole a Millionas Simpson (uncredited)
8.0
1939
Blondie Takes a Vacationas Mailman
6.3
1939
News Is Made at Nightas Mike, Fingerprint Man
4.8
1939
Bachelor Motheras Clerk at Exchange Window (uncredited)
7.2
1939
Second Fiddleas Harvey Vaughan
5.1
1939
The Gracie Allen Murder Caseas Hotel Clerk
6.3
1939
Torchy Runs for Mayoras Hubert Ward
5.9
1939
Lucky Nightas Conductor
6.8
1939
Big Town Czaras Real Estate Man
7.0
1939
The Oklahoma Kidas Hotel Clerk
6.0
1939
The Spirit of Culveras Hotel Desk Clerk in Culver
10.0
1939
Blondie Meets the Bossas 1st Mailman (uncredited)
5.8
1939
Tail Spinas Storekeeper (Uncredited)
6.3
1939
Nancy Drew... Reporteras Tracy (uncredited)
6.0
1939
You Can't Cheat an Honest Manas Jailer (uncredited)
7.0
1939
Made for Each Otheras Newark Radio Operator (uncredited)
6.1
1939
The Adventures of Huckleberry Finnas Tad (uncredited)
6.7
1939
The Lone Wolf Spy Huntas Patrol Sergeant at Italian Restaurant (uncredited)
6.6
1939
They Made Me a Criminalas Gas Station Attendant (uncredited)
6.3
1938
Blondieas Mr. Beazley (uncredited)
7.0
1938
The Cowboy and the Ladyas Chester - Smith's Secretary (uncredited)
6.3
1938
Exposedas Crankpool
6.7
1938
Hard to Getas Gas Station Attendant (uncredited)
6.3
1938
The Mad Miss Mantonas Spangler, the Process Server (uncredited)
6.4
1938
There Goes My Heartas Mr. Dobbs
7.3
1938
The Sistersas Robert Forbes
6.1
1938
Sing, You Sinnersas Lecturer on Seals
7.0
1938
You Can't Take It with Youas Henry (uncredited)
7.5
1938
Give Me a Sailoras The Druggist (uncredited)
6.1
1938
Professor Bewareas Painter
6.0
1938
The Chaseras Harvey
8.0
1938
The Amazing Dr. Clitterhouseas Foreman of Jury
7.0
1938
Racket Bustersas Counter Man (uncredited)
5.6
1938
Tropic Holidayas Sol Grunnion (uncredited)
6.2
1938
Kentucky Moonshineas Palace Hotel Clerk
5.2
1938
Mr. Moto's Gambleas Sheriff Tuttle (Uncredited)
6.4
1938
Tip-Off Girlsas Sam
7.5
1938
The First Hundred Yearsas Wilkins
7.3
1938
The Big Broadcast of 1938as Prisoner Playing Harmonica (uncredited)
6.3
1938
Midnight Intruderas Evans
5.9
1937
True Confessionas Coroner
6.1
1937
Big Town Girlas Gas Station Attendant
7.0
1937
It's Love I'm Afteras Elevator Operator (uncredited)
7.1
1937
Big Cityas Jim Sloane
7.7
1937
Walter Wanger's Vogues of 1938as Curson - Accountant
5.5
1937
Exclusiveas Dr. Boomgarten
7.0
1937
Topperas Hotel Clerk (uncredited)
6.7
1937
Marry the Girlas Happy Elmer
6.5
1937
Big Businessas Mr. Kinney - Man with Toothache
7.5
1937
Angel's Holidayas Fingerprint Expert
6.0
1937
They Gave Him a Gunas Tall Soldier (uncredited)
6.7
1937
A Star Is Bornas Station Agent (uncredited)
7.2
1937
Internes Can't Take Moneyas Jeff
6.5
1937
Dangerous Numberas Detective
4.9
1936
Hopalong Cassidy Returnsas Peg Leg Holden
6.8
1936
Valiant Is the Word for Carrieas Drug Store Clerk
6.7
1936
Murder with Picturesas Det. Keogh
5.4
1936
Wives Never Knowas Dr. Mumford
9.0
1936
Lady Be Carefulas Happy
5.5
1936
Let's Make a Millionas Jerry
7.5
1936
The Texas Rangersas David's father (uncredited)
6.6
1936
Hollywood Boulevardas Gus - Trocadero Bartender
4.5
1936
China Clipperas Charlie - the Janitor (uncredited)
5.8
1936
To Mary - with Loveas Chauffeur
5.7
1936
A Son Comes Homeas Hamburger Stand Proprietor
4.0
1936
Earthworm Tractorsas Taxicab Driver
5.4
1936
Rhythm on the Rangeas Rodeo Announcer
5.5
1936
San Franciscoas Picnicker (uncredited)
6.6
1936
Three Cheers for Loveas Rider - Dance Director
8.0
1936
Forgotten Facesas Pretty
5.5
1936
The Singing Kidas Maine Driver (uncredited)
7.0
1936
Mr. Deeds Goes to Townas Frank (uncredited)
7.5
1936
Petticoat Feveras Carl
6.1
1936
The Trail of the Lonesome Pineas Mailman
6.5
1936
Love on a Betas Farmer on Hay Wagon
7.0
1936
The Music Goes 'Roundas Stuttering Man
7.0
1936
Drift Fenceas Windy Watkins, Traft Foreman
6.0
1936
Timothy's Questas Henry-the Drunken Wagon Master
4.7
1935
Hitch Hike Ladyas Ed Simpson
7.8
1935
Man of Ironas Jake
7.0
1935
Millions in the Airas Mr. Perkins
10.0
1935
Ship Cafeas Slim
8.0
1935
Bad Boyas Butcher
7.5
1935
She Couldn't Take Itas Man at Toll Gate
5.3
1935
It's a Great Lifeas Slim (uncredited)
9.0
1935
Two-Fistedas Brick Briggs
8.5
1935
Powdersmoke Rangeas Gun Store Proprietor
10.0
1935
The Virginia Judgeas Gus Skinner
10.0
1935
Page Miss Gloryas Waiter (uncredited)
6.7
1935
Redheads on Paradeas Entwhistle (uncredited)
9.0
1935
Diamond Jimas Passenger
6.5
1935
Here Comes Cookieas Thompson
7.2
1935
The Murder Manas Merry-Go-Round Operator (uncredited)
7.1
1935
The Farmer Takes a Wifeas Mr. Vernoy
6.2
1935
Manhattan Moonas Lunch Man
9.0
1935
Men Without Namesas Old-Timer on Bench
6.3
1935
The Glass Keyas Waiter (uncredited)
6.7
1935
Mary Jane's Paas Clerk Getting Tied Up
6.8
1935
Goin' to Townas Cowboy
5.6
1935
Private Worldsas McLean
6.4
1935
It's A Small Worldas Cal
6.0
1935
I'll Love You Alwaysas Theater Manager (uncredited)
5.0
1935
Murder on a Honeymoonas Man with Pelican (uncredited)
6.5
1934
The Gay Brideas Weight-Guesser (uncredited)
6.0
1934
Broadway Billas Hamburger Stand Owner (uncredited)
6.0
1934
The President Vanishesas Gray Shirt Garage Attendant (uncredited)
6.0
1934
By Your Leaveas Harry
4.3
1934
No Ransomas Heinie
8.0
1934
The Pursuit of Happinessas Bijah
5.8
1934
You Belong to Meas Stage Manager
7.0
1934
Friends of Mr. Sweeneyas Hat Check Attendent
6.8
1934
Hat, Coat and Gloveas Coat Salesman (uncredited)
7.0
1934
The Hell Catas Regan
8.0
1934
Now I'll Tellas Casino Attendant (uncredited)
5.1
1934
Honor of the Rangeas Townsman (uncredited)
6.3
1934
House of Mysteryas Ned Pickens
5.1
1934
George White's Scandalsas Hick (uncredited)
5.4
1934
It Happened One Nightas Gas Station Attendant (uncredited)
7.8
1934
Miss Fane's Baby Is Stolenas Joel Prentiss
6.0
1933
Shadows of Sing Singas Highbrow
7.0
1933
Lone Cowboyas Zeke (uncredited)
4.0
1933
Sitting Prettyas Dice Player (uncredited)
8.0
1933
Femaleas Gas Station Attendant (Uncredited)
6.3
1933
The Boweryas Hick (uncredited)
5.4
1933
Ann Vickersas Waiter (uncredited)
5.8
1933
Golden Harvestas Rev. Dr. Simmons (uncredited)
6.5
1933
Lady for a Dayas Pool Hall Dupe (uncredited)
7.1
1933
Double Harnessas Crab Counterman
6.5
1933
Private Detective 62as Cab Driver
6.2
1933
Lilly Turneras Earle Yokum (uncredited)
5.5
1933
Central Airportas Airport Weatherman
6.0
1933
The Mind Readeras Reporter (uncredited)
6.2
1933
The Keyholeas Grover - Brooks' Chauffeur (uncredited)
5.0
1933
Sing, Bing, Singas Mr. Lake
5.4
1933
He Learned About Womenas Stage Door Man
10.0
1933
Hello, Everybody!as Radio Announcer (uncredited)
7.0
1933
File 113as Lagors
7.0
1932
The Match Kingas Messenger with Bracelet (uncredited)
6.7
1932
Lawyer Manas Court Guard (uncredited)
6.1
1932
Central Parkas Oscar (uncredited)
5.8
1932
If I Had a Millionas China Shop Salesman (uncredited)
6.5
1932
I Am a Fugitive from a Chain Gangas Bill - Barber (uncredited)
7.8
1932
The Big Broadcastas Prisoner (uncredited)
7.1
1932
Madame Racketeeras Gus, the Desk Clerk
5.3
1932
High Hats and Low Browsas Butler
1932
Million Dollar Legsas Secretary of War (uncredited)
6.8
1932
Just a Pain in the Parloras Servant
5.5
1932
This Is the Nightas Sparks
5.4
1932
The Big Timeras Slim Dugan (uncredited)
4.6
1932
No One Manas Henry - License Clerk
6.5
1932
Union Depotas Depot Hotel Waiter (uncredited)
6.1
1931
Branded Menas Ramrod
6.0
1931
Bad Girlas Expectant Father (uncredited)
6.0
1931
Alias: The Bad Manas Ned 'Repeater' Simpson
5.5
1931
Big Business Girlas Waiter (uncredited)
6.8
1931
The Vice Squadas Masher (uncredited)
6.8
1931
Lime Juice Nightsas Irving
9.0
1931
The Itching Houras Elmer
10.0
1931
Fighting Caravansas Mustachioed Barfly (uncredited)
5.0
1931
Scandal Sheetas Reporter Kent (uncredited)
10.0
1930
8.0
1930
Street of Chanceas Harry
6.8
1930
Burning Upas Yokel Driver (uncredited)
5.3
1929
Half Way to Heavenas Slim
6.0
1929
The Saturday Night Kidas McGonigle (uncredited)
4.7
1929
Side Streetas Henchman Slim (uncredited)
5.9
1929
The Nightwatchman's Mistakeas Dean Enoch Weatherby
1929
Matchmaking Mammaas Clifford Figfield
4.8
1929
The Rodeoas Mabel's Father, Jimmy's Father-in-Law
9.0
1929
Two Sistersas Chumley
6.5
1929
Tide of Empireas Townsman (uncredited)
6.3
1929
Calling Hubby's Bluffas Meadows the Butler
10.0
1929
The Old Barnas The Stranger
7.5
1928
His New Stenographeras Vernon Vance
9.0
1928
Motorboat Mamasas Cafe Patron
9.0
1928
The Campus Carmenas President
6.0
1928
The Head Manas Mayor
8.0
1928
The Swim Princessas College Dean
7.0
1928
The Best Manas The Bride's Father
7.5
1928
Smith's Army Lifeas Inspecting Officer
8.0
1927
The Girl from Everywhereas The Casting Director
7.0
1927
For Sale, a Bungalowas The Waiter
8.0
1927
Smith's Cookas Mr. Dunhill
9.0
1927
Smith's Ponyas Ship Maintenance Man
8.0
1927
Smith's Fishing Tripas Jake - the Handyman
10.0
1927
His First Flameas Man Who Jumps Out of Window (uncredited)
6.0
1927
Broke in Chinaas Military Officer
6.7
1927
The Jolly Jilteras Tall Servant
9.0
1927
A Dozen Socksas Ball Toss Operator
7.5
1927
California or Bustas Wade Rexton
8.0
1926
Kitty from Killarneyas Inspector #1
8.0
1926
A Blonde's Revengeas Banker Cody
3.0
1926
Smith's Picnicas Joe Smiley
10.0
1926
Smith's Uncleas 1st Elderly Sucker
1926
Masked Mamasas The Practical Joker's Friend
8.0
1926
Hubby’s Quiet Little Gameas Joe, Card player
9.0
1926
A Prodigal Bridegroomas Lizzie's Brother
7.0
1926
Meet My Girlas Mr. Lane - Thelma's Father
9.0
1926
Trimmed in Goldas Barber
9.0
1926
Whispering Whiskersas Train Chef
10.0
1926
Hot Cakes for Twoas Photographer
8.0
1926
The Gosh-Darn Mortgageas Justice of the Peace
7.0
1925
Isn't Love Cuckoo?as John Lodge - Bebe's Father
7.0
1925
Over Thereaboutsas Officer
8.0
1925
Hurry, Doctor!as The Paper Hanger
10.0
1925
A Rainy Knightas Peggy's Ex-Husband
7.5
1925
Super-Hooper-Dyne Lizziesas Driver Seeking Car (uncredited)
8.0
1925
Good Morning, Nurseas Servant
8.0
1925
Remember When?as Picnicker (uncredited)
8.0